Drilling wells safely by integrating geological information and drilling data

With increasing exploration challenge and difficulty, influx related issues are getting more difficult to control leading sometime to catastrophic consequences.
Early well desiquilibrium behavior comprehension is the key to avoid any influx or to react very early, allowing to control the well quickly, limiting consequences and cost. 
Plenty softwares are used on the rig site, but only a few Drilling team members know the real meaning of all the reports. The Well site geolgist is the first to have all the information and can correlate them to assess the well equilibrium. But quite often he seems not to be concern when the bit is off bottom, or when not drilling.
So Well site geologists, as well as Drilling team members should be interested to get the key to assess the well equilibrium at any time, without sophisticated software.

INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY: After reviewing basic and more advanced knowledge, most of the content of this course will be used to follow real situations step by step, and assess, the well behaviour without using sophisticated software.

Upon completion of this course, attendees are expected to have a clear and practical understanding on the well equilibrium behavior during all geological, drilling, and others operations, focusing on safety, reservoir detection and reservoir pressure estimation using Geological, LWD / Mud-Logging Data and, above all common sense.
    
Upon completion of the course, attendees will be able:

• to estimate the formation pressure from practical observation, then eventually with dedicated Mud-logging software
• to detect and identify unsafe situation before the problem get too big
• understand and assess real hydrocarbons show at surface and consequence on the well equilibrium.
   

This course is based on interactive pedagogy and relies as much as possible on common sense (and not only on computer software applications…). 
Numerous exercises based on real case studies will be interpreted, both individually and collectively. Each phase (module) of the training is concluded by a QUIZ. It allows each participant to evaluate his progresses. 
This course is available in French, English and Spanish (with English documentation).

There is no specific requirement for this course. It should be organised in any meeting room with common HSE characteristics, in your company premises or elsewhere.

Module objective is to understand and interpret relevant Real-Time information given by the GLogging while drilling.
They are plenty “easy to read” real time information in LWD screen, but which ones are useful and necessary to evaluate, interpret and detect potential problems ahead.

• Drilling rate and LWD behavior
• Reservoir and reservoir fluid content
• Reservoir fluid mobility
• Differential pressure at bottom in front of the reservoir

Key words: LWD real time pertinent and reliable information

This objective is to understand and interpret what really lies beneath Mud-logging information and which are pertinent to pick up?

• Where do they come from?
• How are they calculated?
• What other information are at hand and are not considered?
• Are they representative of the bottom home, annular or surface reality?

In the absence of LWD the Mud-Logging information are the only one to interpret well behavior and potential issues.

• Parameters origin and sensors / Derived real time curves with examples
• Calculated parameters
• Exercises on curves basic interpretation
• Instant and lagged parameters

Key words: Mud-logging real time pertinent and reliable information

This objective is to understand and interpret the real Total gas mud content versus the gas reading. Seems easy but without adequate training it is a challenge to interpret the Total Gas curve, even with modern sophisticated gas hardware and software.
Assessment - Understanding and interpreting Gas readings   (using real cases examples).

• Meaning of Gas shows
• Gas chain & different Gas system / Gas calibrations
• Gas reading at surface compare to real gas percentage in mud
• Bottom hole pressure reduction cause by surface gas in the drilling fluid
• Safety warning from gas and other Mud-Logging parameters
• Gas interpretation with Water base mud and Non-aqueous base mud / Cases study
• Acid Gas / H2S and C02 - formation / Detection / inhibition / thresholds
• Acid gases detection and reservoir content estimation / neutralization / Cases study
• Practical interactive exercise explaining the real meaning of the gas show

 Key words: Safety / Gas as a valid well behavior interpretation tool / Dangerous gases

The objective is to learn using all the hydraulic information we have at hand on real time basis, and to “look at the well behavior” to interpret the well equilibrium

Hydraulic reports are much more than numbers on a screen, but before using them we have to learn how are they calculated and what tremendous piece of information can be derived

• With the presence of gas
• Without the presence of gas
• When drilling or tripping in front of impermeable formation
  • Onshore
  • Shallow Offshore 
  • Deep Offshore 

Assessment - Interpreting well behavior         
        Interactive activity using real cases examples and common sense
    Step by step analysis and decision making following the evolution of real time                 
    operations, using the charts provided by the Mud-Logging unit, observation
    and common sense  

• Well behavior observation and understanding
• Normal versus abnormal trends and manifestations
• Underbalance / slightly overbalance / ballooning and Fracturation
• Practical Flow check with positive or negative drilling break
• Interactive exercises about well unbalance behavior 

 Key words:  Observation / understanding

By learning and understanding the safety flow chart the participant will acquire a clear and practical knowledge of the parameters correlation to assess any possible situation

• Three simple parameters alarm flow charts
• Three dual parameters alarm flow charts
• Four smart alarm flow charts 

Key words: Parameters correlation / Observation / Safety

The objective of this module is to understand the different processes leading to normal or abnormal reservoir pressure and transition zone

• Depositional systems
• Abnormal geopressure detection methods
• When detection methods don’t give the right result (importance of interpreting well behavior)

Key words: Parameters correlation / Observation / Safety

The objective is to understand and interpret the well behavior any time and early issue detection, using all the knowledge of the previous modules.

• Well behavior observation and understanding
• Normal versus abnormal trends and manifestations
• Underbalance / slightly overbalance / ballooning and Fracturation
• Practical Flow check with positive or negative drilling break

Step by step analysis and team decision, following the evolution of real time operations, using the charts provided by the LWD / Mud-Logging unit, observation and common sense. 
Interactive analysis and follow up of two complexes real cases situation

• Drilling high pressure Gas reservoir with low permeability. 
• Entering an unexpected Oil high pressure reservoir

 Key words:  observation / understanding / prevention

Over 40 real cases examples with different operations and situations are available for analysis.